peptide antibiotics การใช้

• He proceded to find peptide antibiotics in a host of other animals.
• Nonribosomal peptide antibiotics, cytostatics, and immunosuppressants are in commercial use.
• The name lantibiotics was introduced in 1988 as an abbreviation for " lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics ".
• The right-handed form, D-Alanine occurs in bacterial cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics.
• Unfortunately, not many peptide antibiotics are on their way to the clinic, and even those currently undergoing testing would have only limited use.
• "' Viomycin "'is a member of the tuberactinomycin family, a group of nonribosomal peptide antibiotics exhibiting anti-tuberculosis properties.
• What makes these new peptide antibiotics different from penicillin and its kin is that they stem from animals'own immune defenses rather than from other microbes.
• "' Lantibiotics "'are a class of peptide antibiotics that contain the characteristic polycyclic thioether amino acids lanthionine or methyllanthionine, as well as the 2-aminoisobutyric acid.
• Since that early find, Zasloff has discovered peptide antibiotics in all manner of places : the airway and tongue of a cow, the gut of a pig, the stomach of the spiny dogfish shark.
• Lanthionines have also been found in bacterial cell walls and are the components of a group of gene-encoded peptide antibiotics called lantibiotics, which includes nisin ( a food preservative ), subtilin, epidermin ( effective against staphylococcus and streptococcus ), and ancovenin ( an enzyme inhibitor ).
• ""'Streptomyces parvulus " "'is a bacterium species from the genus of " Streptomyces " which has been isolated from soil . " Streptomyces parvulus " produces the peptide antibiotic Actinomycin D and the angiogenesis inhibitor borrelidin and manumycin A, himalomycin A, himalomycin B and kynurenine.
• Other researchers are in on the hunt, too, and they have found peptide antibiotics in a witches'brew of beasts : in silk moths, fruit flies, honeybees and budworms; in salamanders, snakes and horseshoe crabs; in the white blood cells of pigs and cows and humans; in our skin; and in fish, birds and even plants.
• In bacterial efflux systems, certain substances that need to be extruded from the cell include surface components of the bacterial cell ( e . g . capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and teichoic acid ), proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis ( e . g . hemolysis, heme-binding protein, and alkaline protease ), heme, hydrolytic enzymes, S-layer proteins, competence factors, toxins, antibiotics, bacteriocins, peptide antibiotics, drugs and siderophores.
• At MIT, Demain and his team  pioneered research on the elucidation and regulation of the biosynthetic pathways leading to penicillins and cephalosporins .  They did research into  peptide antibiotics and sporulation in B . subtilis; mycotoxins; new antibiotic discovery through mutational biosynthesis ( making idiotrophs ); cellulases and ethanologenic clostridia; vitamin B12; amino acids, organic acids and polymers; the immunosuppressant, rapamycin ( sirolimus ) and antitumour antibiotic, fumagillin; statins; pigments; vaccines ( developing media with non-animal components for clostridial vaccines ); and evaluating the impact of simulated microgravity on secondary metabolism 1 .  Demain's MIT research led to  a breakthrough discovery of a key enzyme in cephalosporin biosynthesis  deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase ('expandase').